Paediatric Orthopaedics is a specialised branch of orthopaedic medicine that focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing musculoskeletal conditions and injuries in children and adolescents. Since children's bodies are still growing, they require unique treatment approaches that consider their development and future mobility. Paediatric orthopaedic specialists play a crucial role in ensuring children’s musculoskeletal health, helping them overcome congenital conditions, injuries, and developmental disorders to lead active and healthy lives.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Paediatric orthopaedic specialists are highly trained to identify and treat a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions unique to growing individuals. Their expertise covers congenital anomalies, developmental disorders, growth plate injuries and bone deformities. Since children’s bones and joints are different from those of adults, accurate diagnosis and age-appropriate treatments are essential for optimal recovery and future mobility.

Congenital Conditions

Congenital conditions are present at birth and may require early intervention to prevent complications later in life. Some common congenital orthopedic conditions include:

• Clubfoot – A condition where the baby’s foot is twisted out of position.
• Congenital Hip Dislocation (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip - DDH) – A condition where the hip joint is not properly formed, leading to instability.
• Limb Length Discrepancies – A condition where one limb is significantly shorter than the other, potentially affecting mobility and posture.

Growth-Related Disorders

As children experience rapid growth, certain orthopedic conditions may develop due to uneven or abnormal bone growth. These include:

• Scoliosis – A condition causing an abnormal curvature of the spine, which can progress as the child grows.
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease – A condition characterized by knee pain due to inflammation where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone, commonly seen in growing children involved in sports.
• Sever’s Disease – A condition causing heel pain in children, often related to repetitive stress and growth spurts.

Injury Management

Children are naturally active and prone to falls and injuries. Paediatric orthopaedic surgeons specialise in treating fractures, sprains and dislocations while considering a child's growth and future development. Unlike adults, children's bones are still developing, which means that even minor injuries require specialized care to prevent long-term complications.

Developmental Disorders

Some orthopedic conditions are related to abnormal bone or joint development and require long-term management. These include:

• Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) – A misalignment of the hip joint that may worsen with time if untreated.
• Perthes Disease – A childhood hip disorder where blood supply to the femoral head is temporarily disrupted, leading to bone deterioration.

Cerebral Palsy and Neuromuscular Conditions

Children with neurological disorders often develop musculoskeletal issues that impact their mobility. Paediatric orthopaedic specialists work closely with neurologists and physical therapists to manage conditions such as:

• Cerebral Palsy – A neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and posture, often leading to joint contractures and scoliosis.
• Spina Bifida – A birth defect that affects the spinal cord, potentially leading to lower limb deformities.
• Muscular Dystrophy – A group of genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and mobility issues.

Surgical and Non-Surgical Approaches

Treatment options in pediatric orthopedics vary based on the severity of the condition. The primary goal is to correct deformities, restore function, and preserve growth potential. Some common treatment methods include:

• Bracing and Casting – Used to correct conditions like scoliosis, clubfoot, and limb deformities.
• Physical Therapy – Helps improve strength, flexibility, and mobility.
• Minimally Invasive Surgeries – Advanced surgical techniques, such as arthroscopy, allow for quicker recovery and minimal scarring.
• Complex Surgical Procedures – In severe cases, orthopedic surgeons perform reconstructive or corrective surgeries while ensuring minimal impact on growth and development.

Preventive Care and Guidance

Paediatric orthopaedic specialists also focus on preventive care by educating parents and caregivers on maintaining musculoskeletal health. They provide advice on:

• Proper Posture and Ergonomics – Encouraging correct sitting and standing posture to prevent spinal issues.
• Safe Physical Activities – Ensuring children engage in age-appropriate sports to minimize injury risks.
• Healthy Nutrition – Promoting a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support strong bone development.

Multidisciplinary Approach to Pediatric Orthopedic Care

Since musculoskeletal conditions in children often require comprehensive care, pediatric orthopedic specialists collaborate with other healthcare professionals, including:

• Pediatricians – To monitor overall growth and detect early signs of musculoskeletal issues.
• Physical Therapists – To design rehabilitation programs for injury recovery and mobility improvement.
• Pediatric Surgeons – For complex cases requiring surgical intervention.

Why Paediatric Orthopaedic Care Is Essential

Musculoskeletal conditions in children can impact their quality of life, limiting their ability to participate in physical activities and, in some cases, affecting their self-confidence. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can prevent complications, ensuring proper development and long-term mobility.

When to See a Paediatric Orthopaedic Specialist?

Parents should consult a pediatric orthopedic specialist if they notice:

• Persistent pain in the joints, bones, or muscles.
• Difficulty in walking, running, or participating in activities.
• Uneven posture, limping, or frequent tripping.
• Visible deformities in the limbs, spine, or joints.
• Delayed motor milestones or abnormal movement patterns.

Conclusion

Paediatric orthopaedics is a vital field dedicated to ensuring the healthy musculoskeletal development of children and adolescents. By addressing congenital conditions, growth-related disorders, injuries, and neuromuscular conditions, paediatric orthopaedic specialists help children lead pain-free, active lives. If your child is experiencing orthopedic issues, seeking specialized care can make a significant difference in their overall health and future mobility.

Get Expert Paediatric Orthopaedic Care with Dr. Sumit Dubewar

For specialised care in paediatric orthopaedics, consult Dr. Sumit Dubewar, Consultant Arthroscopy & Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon. With expertise in diagnosing and treating various musculoskeletal conditions in children, Dr. Sumit ensures personalized treatment plans that promote healthy development and mobility.

Book an appointment today and ensure your child receives the best orthopedic care for a healthy and active future!