Back pain is one of the most common health complaints in adults today. While occasional aches may result from strain or poor posture, persistent or recurring pain could point to an underlying condition such as Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD). Despite the word “disease,” DDD is not a disease in the traditional sense but rather a condition that occurs naturally with age and wear and tear of the spinal discs.
In this article, we will explore what degenerative disc disease is, its causes, symptoms, and why timely consultation with a specialist like Dr. Sumit Dubewar is essential for proper management and long-term relief.
Understanding Degenerative Disc Disease
The human spine is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. Between these vertebrae are soft, cushion-like discs that act as shock absorbers, enabling smooth movement and flexibility. Over time, these discs can lose hydration, become thinner, or develop cracks, leading to reduced cushioning and painful friction between vertebrae.
This condition is known as Degenerative Disc Disease. It is a progressive change in the spine that can cause discomfort, stiffness, and in some cases, nerve compression leading to radiating pain.
Causes of Degenerative Disc Disease
DDD is most often linked to ageing, but several factors can contribute to its onset and severity:
- Ageing Process: With age, spinal discs lose water content, making them less flexible and prone to wear.
- Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to early disc degeneration.
- Spinal Injuries: Trauma from accidents or sports can accelerate disc damage.
- Repetitive Stress: Occupations or activities involving heavy lifting, bending, or twisting may increase the risk.
- Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional pressure on the spine.
- Smoking: Tobacco use reduces blood supply to the discs, speeding up degeneration.
Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease
The symptoms of DDD can vary widely from person to person. Some individuals may show signs of disc degeneration on imaging tests but experience no pain, while others may have severe discomfort.
Common symptoms include:
- Persistent or chronic back or neck pain
- Pain that worsens with sitting, bending, lifting, or twisting
- Pain that improves with walking or lying down
- Radiating pain to the arms or legs (if nerves are affected)
- Tingling, numbness, or weakness in the limbs in advanced cases
- Reduced flexibility or stiffness in the spine
How is Degenerative Disc Disease Diagnosed?
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Your doctor may use a combination of:
- Medical History: To understand symptoms, lifestyle, and prior injuries
- Physical Examination: Checking mobility, posture, and neurological function
- Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to evaluate disc health and detect any compression of nerves
- Additional Tests: Blood tests or nerve studies may be suggested to rule out other causes of pain
Managing Degenerative Disc Disease
While disc degeneration cannot be completely reversed, its symptoms can be effectively managed through a combination of conservative treatments and, if required, surgical options.
Non-Surgical Management
- Physiotherapy: Exercises to strengthen core muscles and improve flexibility
- Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or muscle relaxants
- Lifestyle Changes: Weight management, quitting smoking, and maintaining good posture
- Injections: Corticosteroid injections may be used for temporary relief from inflammation and pain
Surgical Options
In severe cases where conservative treatment does not provide relief, surgical procedures may be considered, such as:
- Discectomy: Removing damaged disc portions pressing on nerves
- Spinal Fusion: Fusing two vertebrae to stabilise the spine
- Artificial Disc Replacement: Replacing the damaged disc with a prosthetic one to restore movement
Can Degenerative Disc Disease Be Prevented?
While ageing is inevitable, certain lifestyle habits can slow down the progression of disc degeneration:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly, focusing on low-impact activities like swimming or yoga
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
- Use proper techniques when lifting heavy objects
- Invest in ergonomic seating and supportive mattresses
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Degenerative Disc Disease common?
Yes, it is one of the most common causes of chronic back pain in middle-aged and older adults.
Does everyone with disc degeneration experience pain?
No, some people have disc degeneration without any symptoms, while others may experience significant pain.
Can exercise help with DDD?
Yes, specific exercises under the guidance of a physiotherapist can strengthen the spine and reduce pain.
When should I consider surgery?
Surgery is considered if conservative treatments fail and if pain or nerve symptoms severely impact daily life.
Why Consult Dr. Sumit Dubewar
Dr. Sumit Dubewar, a renowned Arthroscopy and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, brings expertise in diagnosing and treating spinal and joint-related conditions, including Degenerative Disc Disease. His approach focuses on accurate assessment, personalised treatment plans, and advanced surgical techniques when necessary. With his guidance, patients can achieve significant relief from pain and regain mobility, improving overall quality of life.
Schedule a Consultation Today
Do not let back pain control your life. Contact Dr. Sumit Dubewar to understand the cause of your discomfort and explore effective treatment options for Degenerative Disc Disease. Take the first step towards a healthier spine and an active lifestyle today.
